ABSTRACT
Myasis is the parasitism of organs and tissues of warm-blooded vertebrates by flies larvae. D hominis is a flie geographically restricted to tropical America from Mexico to northern Argentina. The adult flie, which is not hematophagous, needs to put its eggs on the abdominal surface of hematophagous arthropods which serve as carriers of future larvae which are deposited on the skin of the hosts (mammals, birds and accidentally men) when biting. Seven patients (two females) aged 7 to 35 years old, of different nationalities, recalled receiving mosquito bites, after staying in tropical American areas in the previous forty days. They presented furuncle-like lesions in exposed surfaces of the body. These lesions, 2-3 cm long, pruritic and mildly tender, broke and released a serous or serohematic fluid. Through the resulting opening, it was possible to partially observe the larva. Larvae were extracted by manual pressure (4) or surgical incision (3) and identified as D hominis larvae. Diagnosis of dermatobiasis, an imported myasis, must be based on the characteristics of lesions and the previous residence in endemic areas of America
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Myiasis , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Diptera/pathogenicity , Tropical Zone , Insect Bites and Stings , Insect Vectors , Larva , Culicidae , Myiasis , Diptera/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Se evaluó la utilidad de la medición de permeabilidad alveolocapilar con Tc99m -DTPA en pacientes VIH positivo con posible compromiso pulmonar e infección por pneumocystis carinii (PC) . Se incluyeron 20 pacientes con síntomas respiratorios y 4 con síntomas sistémicos usando como control a un grupo de 11 asintomáticos con similar valor de linfocitos CD, todos con suspensión de tabaco previa. Se realizaron radiografía de tórax, hemograma, esputo inducido y/o fibrobroncoscopía, obteniéndose confirmación de presencia o ausencia de PC en 16 pacientes sintomáticos y 3 asintomáticos. Para detección de PC la sensibilidad fue 78 por ciento, la especificidad 40 por ciento y la seguridad diagnóstica 58 por ciento. Para procesos inflamatorios pulmonares los valores fueron 85 por ciento, 60 por ciento y 79 por ciento, respectivamente. Cuatro de seis pacientes falsos positivos para PC tenían cuadros que explicaban la alteración del DTPA. Concluyendo, el DTPA es sensible pero poco específico para detectar infección pulmonar por PC, siendo superior para procesos inflamatorios
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis , Capillary Permeability , Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate , Smoking/adverse effects , Blood-Air Barrier , HIV Infections/complications , AIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsSubject(s)
Humans , Musculoskeletal Diseases/physiopathology , Lymphocytes , Histamine , Serotonin , Adenosine , Platelet Activation/physiology , Killer Cells, Natural/physiology , Macrophages/physiology , Inflammation Mediators/physiology , Neutrophils/physiology , Nitric Oxide/physiology , Peptide Hydrolases/physiologyABSTRACT
Natural killer (NK) cells form a unique third group of lymphocytes that differs from T and B cells in surface phenotype, target cell recognition and function. NK cells have two relevant functions, related to the innate immune response against pathogens microorganisms. One is cytotoxicity, mediated by the recognition and lysis of target cells such as virus and bacteria infected-cells. The second NK cell function is to produce cytokines, mainly IFN-g, that can modulate innate and specific immune responses. Cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion contribute to host resistance against microorganisms and both functions are significantly altered in infectious diseases
Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Diseases/immunology , Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , Cytokines , Immune System/immunology , Killer Cells, Natural/physiology , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology , Antibody Formation/immunology , Shock, Septic/immunologySubject(s)
Humans , Immune System Diseases/diagnosis , Immune System/physiology , B-Lymphocytes/physiology , Clinical Diagnosis , Complement System Proteins/physiology , Antibody Formation/physiology , Immune System/cytology , Immunoglobulins/physiology , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/classification , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/diagnosis , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology , Lymphatic System/anatomy & histology , T-Lymphocytes/physiologySubject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology , Autoantibodies/immunology , Heart Block/congenital , Heart Block/diagnosis , Heart Block/drug therapy , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Hepatomegaly/congenital , Hepatomegaly/therapy , Maternal-Fetal Exchange/immunology , Pacemaker, Artificial , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/diagnosis , Prenatal DiagnosisABSTRACT
Se analiza la utilidad clínica de la Cotometría de Flujo en el diagnóstico, evolución y pronóstico de diferentes patologías. Se analiza una breve descripción del aparato y sus fundamentos técnicos. Se analizan los usos más frecuentes, principalmente en pacientes VIH/SIDA, otras inmunodeficiencias y en el estudio de leucemias. Finalmente se analizan otras líneas de aplicación del citómetro de flujo en diferentes estados de investigación y estandarización
Subject(s)
Humans , Flow Cytometry/methods , Flow Cytometry , Leukemia/diagnosis , Apoptosis/physiology , Cell Separation , Cytokines/physiology , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology , Immunophenotyping/methods , Phagocytosis/physiology , Reticulocyte Count , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosisSubject(s)
Humans , Adjuvants, Immunologic/classification , Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Immune System/drug effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Immunoglobulins/pharmacology , Interferons/pharmacology , Interleukin-1/pharmacology , Interleukin-2/pharmacology , Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/drug effects , Inflammation Mediators/pharmacology , Methotrexate/pharmacology , Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunologySubject(s)
Humans , Immune System/physiology , Allergy and Immunology/history , Immune System Diseases/diagnosis , Antibody Formation/physiology , Complement System Proteins/immunology , Vaccines/immunology , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology , Cytokines/immunology , Graft Rejection/immunology , Histocompatibility , /immunology , Antigens/immunology , Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology , NeuroimmunomodulationABSTRACT
Las células Natural Killer (cél NK), linfocitos efectores de actividad citolítica natural, son críticas en la defensa antiinfecciosa. En la infección por VIH-I se ha descrito una disminución de la actividad citolítica NK; sin embargo, se desconocen los mecanismos involucrados, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la ACNK y la acción in vitro de inmunomoduladores para intentar explicar esta deficiencia. Se analizaron 20 individuos infectados por VIH-I (10 asintomáticos y 10 con SIDA) y 30 individuos seronegativos como controles. La ACNK se determinó utilizando cél K-562 radiomarcadas con 51-Cr (cromato de sodio) como cél blanco y cél mononucleares periféricas como cél efectoras, expresándose los resultados como por ciento de Lisis específica. En cultivos in vitro, se analizó el efecto de inmunomoduladores sobre la ACNK: interleuquina-2 (IL-2, 25 U/mL), interferon-alfa (IFN-a, 500 U/mL) y la acción conjunta de ionófor de calcio A23187 (lo, 10.0 uM) más un éster de forbol (TPA, 250 ng/mL)(Io+TPA). El análisis fenotípico, CD 16+/56+ se efectuó por citometría de flujo con Ac monoclonales fluorescentes (Becton Dickinson)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV-1/pathogenicity , Adjuvants, Immunologic/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Flow Cytometry/methods , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/physiologySubject(s)
Humans , Cytokines/classification , Inflammation/drug therapy , Mesoderm/drug effects , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology , Autoantibodies , Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors , Cytokines/immunology , Interleukin-1/immunology , Interleukin-1/pharmacology , Interleukin-6/immunology , Interleukin-6/pharmacology , Receptors, Cytokine/immunology , Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology , Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Natural killer cytolitic activity, the basis of cancer immunotherapy that uses cytolytic cells, may be impaired in cancer. The aim of this work was to study in vitro the natural killer cytolitic activity and its response to the immunomodulators interleukin-2 interferon and phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in a group of 9 patients with renal cell cancer and 6 with prostatic cancer. The results were compared with those of 20 normal volunteers. Twelve patients were operated and were studied twice 48 h and 14 days after surgery. Natural killer cytolitic activity was significantly lower in renal cell and prostatic cancer patients than controls (3.3 ñ 1.6, 4.9 ñ 2.2 and 20.6 ñ 3.7 per cent of specific lysis respectively). This activity was not modified in cancer patients by interleukin-2 50 Ul/ml or interferon 3000 Ul/ml and did not differ in the two postoperative pèriods. Phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was also lower in cancer patients, compared to controls (stimulation index of 18 ñ 3 and 26.5 ñ 5 respectively). It is concluded that these patients have a low immunological level and this study is the first step towards an immunological characterization of cancer patients that are candidate to adoptive immunotherapy